At A Glance

• Lipchitz was originally commissioned to provide a sculpture for the Municipal Services Building under the city’s fine arts requirement

• Philadelphia’s new mayor refused to make additional funds available

• The Association for Public Art resolved to take over the project in order to have the sculpture in place for the nation’s bicentennial

An inverted pyramid of human arms, legs, and torsos – that is what Government of the People appears to be at first glance. With further study, however, the figures begin to emerge more clearly. Those at the base resemble a family group of father, mother, and child – “the wellspring of life,” according to the artist. Farther up are a young couple who express “the hope and future of society.” At the top two mature figures, a man and a woman, hold aloft a turbulent form that represents the banner of Philadelphia. The figures spiral upward and grow from each other in a totem-like arrangement. As a symbol of democracy, the sculpture suggests a process of continual struggle, mutual support and dedication, and eventual triumph.

For a long while, ironically, it seemed that the struggles in Philadelphia’s own government of the people might prevent the work’s completion. Jacques Lipchitz was originally commissioned to provide a sculpture for the Municipal Services Building under the city’s fine arts requirement. By 1972 Lipchitz’s plaster model, approved by the Art Commission, sat at a foundry in Italy, waiting to be cast in bronze, but Philadelphia’s new mayor, who had compared the sculpture to a load of dumped plaster, refused to make additional funds available. Despite outcries from the local arts community, Lipchitz’s last work was still unrealized when the artist died in the spring of 1973.

In the fall of that year, however, the Fairmount Park Art Association (now the Association for Public Art) resolved to take over the project in order to have the sculpture in place for the nation’s bicentennial. In its evocation of the struggle for freedom and the commitment that makes democracy possible, the monumental bronze carries on the heroic themes of Lipchitz’s Prometheus Strangling the Vulture and The Spirit of Enterprise, also in Philadelphia.

Government of the People was finally installed in the Municipal Services Building Plaza in 1976. President of the Fairmount Park Art Association, Clark Zantzinger, announced at the Annual Meeting that year, “I hope that it will be a symbol through the years to the form of government which was created here in Philadelphia two hundred years ago.”

Adapted from Public Art in Philadelphia by Penny Balkin Bach (Temple University Press, Philadelphia, 1992).

Voices heard in the Museum Without Walls: AUDIO program: The late Jacques Lipchitz (1891-1973), the sculptor who created Government of the People, and his wife Yulla Lipchitz (1911-2003), are heard on archival tape. Dr. Roberta K. Tarbell is an art historian who focuses on American art and modern sculpture. She is Visiting Scholar at the Center for American Art at the Philadelphia Museum of Art and the author of Robert Laurent: American figurative sculpture, 1910 – 1960. Muriel Kaplan is an art collector who met and befriended Yulla Lipchitz in Westchester, NY. Yulla’s correspondence with Muriel describes the difficulties in completing Jacques Lipchitz’s last three sculpture commissions after his death. | Segment Producer: Brendan Baker

Museum Without Walls: AUDIO is the Association for Public Art’s award-winning audio program for Philadelphia’s outdoor sculpture. Available for free by phone, mobile app, or online, the program features more than 150 voices from all walks of life – artists, educators, civic leaders, historians, and those with personal connections to the artworks.

RESOURCES:

• How to Request Images
• The Association for Public Art’s Digital Archive
• New public park planned for Philadelphia plaza (Billy Penn, July 2023)

This artwork is part of the Around City Hall tour